Catechism of the Catholic Church

The Three Enemies of the Soul: How to Overcome the World, the Devil, and the Flesh in Daily Spiritual Warfare

Since time immemorial, Christians have recognized that our life on earth is a constant battle—not against flesh and blood, but against spiritual forces that seek to separate us from God (Ephesians 6:12). The Church’s tradition teaches that there are three main enemies of the soul: the world, the devil, and …

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Concupiscence: Understanding the Inner Struggle That Leads Us to God

Concupiscence, a term rarely heard outside theological circles, is a central concept in Christian tradition. Derived from the Latin concupiscentia, meaning “disordered desire,” it may seem distant or abstract. Yet its meaning and relevance are deeply rooted in our daily experience. This article seeks to shed light on what concupiscence …

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Excommunication: Understanding the Meaning and Relevance of a Spiritual Measure

Excommunication is one of the most serious and often misunderstood concepts within the Catholic Church. In an era where words like “inclusion” and “accompaniment” are pillars of ecclesial discourse, speaking about excommunication may seem outdated or even severe. However, understanding its true meaning, history, and purpose is essential to appreciate …

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What Are Reserved Sins? A Spiritual Guide to Understanding Their Meaning and Relevance

The teachings of the Catholic Church are deeply rooted in the message of love, mercy, and forgiveness brought to us by Jesus Christ. However, within the vast richness of Catholic moral theology, certain concepts can provoke questions or confusion, especially when encountering terms like reserved sins. In this article, we …

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